Arrays

Question: There is an array A[N] of N numbers. You have to compose an array Output[N] such that each element in Output[i] will tell the next greater element to the right in the original array. If there is no greater number to the right, then the output array should contain -1 in that position.Array 1: {4, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 9, 8, 1} Output: {6, 9, 9, 9, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1} Let us try to understand the problem statement. We are given an input array that has…

Question: Given an unsorted array of integers and a number ‘k’. Return the kth largest element in the array.Input: arr = {3,2,1,5,6,4}, k = 2Output: 5 Given an unsorted array of integers, you need to determine the kth largest element. By taking a first glance at the problem we can be sure of one thing. If the array is already sorted in ascending order, we can simply return the element at arr[size – k]. This would give us the kth largest element. This is because the 2nd largest element is…

Question: Given an integer N, convert it into a string of words. Input: N = 345 Output: three hundred forty five This is one of the most common problems that we come across in out daily lives. We need to input a number from the user and print it in words. First, we perform a number of checks on the input string. If it is in any way invalid, the result is the empty string (“”). Next, we take note of whether or not the string begins with a ‘-‘.…

Question: You are given a function rand7() – that generates random numbers from 1-7. Write a function rand10() – that uses rand7() to generate random numbers from 1-10. This appear to be one of those probabilistic analysis questions. You should be familiar with the concept of expected value, as it could be extremely helpful in probabilistic analysis. Hint: Assume you could generate a random integer in the range 1 to 49. How would you generate a random integer in the range of 1 to 10? What would you do if…

Question: There is an array A[N] of N numbers. You have to compose an array Output[N] such that Output[i] will be equal to multiplication of all the elements of A[N] except A[i]. Solve it without division operator and in O(n). For example Output[0] will be multiplication of A[1] to A[N-1] and Output[1] will be multiplication of A[0] and from A[2] to A[N-1]. Array 1: {4, 3, 2, 1, 2} Output: {12, 16, 24, 48, 24} Since the complexity required is O(n), the obvious O(n2) brute force solution is not good…

Question: Given 2 sorted arrays, find the intersection elements between them. Array 1: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 Array 2: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 Output: 6, 12, 18, 24 Let’s called Array1 as “A” and Array2 as “B”, each with size m and n. The obvious brute-force solution is to scan through each element in A, and for each element in A, scan if that element exist in B. The running time complexity is O(m*n).…

Question: Let us suppose we have an array whose ith element gives the price of a share on the day i. If you were only permitted to buy one share of the stock and sell one share of the stock, design an algorithm to find the best times to buy and sell. When we talk about the best times to sell and buy, we mean that we want the best profit possible. A profit is possible when our buying rate is less than the selling rate. We need to maximize…

Question: Given an array arr[], that contains only 0’s and 1’s. Write a function that separate 0’s and 1’s in the array. Input: 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 Output: 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 The objective of the problem is to segregate the array in two parts, and it is more popularly known as a variation of Dutch National Flag Problem. Method 1: The most naive method is to count…

Question: Given an array arr[], write a function that separates even and odd numbers. The function should print first all the even numbers and then the odd numbers. Input: 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42 Output: 4, 8, 16, 42, 23, 15 The objective of this problem is mainly to segregate the array in two halves. One half contains all the even numbers and one half contains all the negative numbers. Naive Method:- The most naive method is to allocate a separate empty array and then we fill it as…

Question: An element is a majority if it appears more than n/2 times. Give an algorithm that takes an array of n elements and finds the majority element in that array. The array is not sorted. Input: 8, 16, 8, 4, 8, 8, 8, 42, 16, 15, 8, 23, 4, 8, 15, 8, 8. Output: Majority Element = 8 We discussed the basic 2 methods to approach this problem here:- Find majority element. (Method 1) Find majority element. (Method 2 , using sorting) It is recommended to have a look…