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What is sorting? Sorting is an algorithm that arranges the elements of a list in a certain order (either ascending or descending, as per the requirement). The output is simply a permutation of the input data. Why sorting? Sorting is one of the most important categories of algorithms in computer science. Sometimes sorting significantly reduces the problem complexity. We can use sorting as a technique to reduce the search complexity. Great research went into this category of algorithms because of its importance. These algorithms are very much used in many…

ITERATIVE VERSION The iterative version can be done in this way:- Input: num Initialize rev_num = 0 Loop while num > 0 Multiply rev_num by 10 and add remainder of num divide by 10 to rev_num rev_num = rev_num*10 + num%10; Divide num by 10 Return rev_num Here is an implementation of the same. RECURSIVE WAY

We will discuss how to calculate the result when a number ‘x’ is raised to the power ‘y’. Originally C provides a standard function that allows us to directly use the power function. It can be used in the following manner. Now suppose that we need to write a custom function by ourselves. Here are the sample methods by which we can do so. Simple Iterative method Recursive Method But in both these methods, the time complexity is of O(n), and this can take a long time in operation. We…

Here is an implementation of a simple algorithm that can be used to convert any number in decimal format to a number to any other base ‘b’. The base ‘b’ can be octal, binary or even any other arbitrary base like 7.

In some situations we might need to find the minimum/maximum element among a collection of elements. Priority Queue ADT is the one which supports these kind of operations. A priority queue ADT is a data structure that supports the operations Insert and DeleteMin (which returns and removes the minimum element) or DeleteMax (which returns and removes the maximum element). These operations are equivalent to EnQueue and DeQueue operations of a queue. The difference is that, in priority queues, the order in which the elements enter the queue may not be…

We generally see cases like:-Here ptr is a pointer to a memory location of the variable x. What if we do something likeWhat we did just now was made a pointer to a pointer. Now the question arises, what happens behind the scene? Let’s assume an 8 bit computer with 8 bit addresses (and thus only 256 bytes of memory). This is part of that memory (the numbers at the top are the addresses): What we can see here, is that at address 63 the string “hello” starts. So in…

Here what we are trying to learn is the difference between:- and The difference is that const char * is a pointer to a const char, while char * const is a constant pointer to a char. const char * :- In this, the value being pointed to can’t be changed but the pointer can be. char  * const :- In this, the value being pointed at can change but the pointer can’t. The third type is which is a constant pointer to a constant char (so nothing about it…

Question: Give an algorithm to reverse a queue. You can only use generic functions of the Queue ADT. Input: 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42 Output: 42,23,16,15,8,4 To solve this question will take the help of an auxiliary stack. The steps involved will be:- Create an auxiliary stack S. Until the queue Q is not empty, push the elements of the queue, in the stack S. Now we have a stack in which the last element of the Queue is at the TOP. Until the stack is empty POP(S) and…

Before implementing a queue, we must know the basic operations that should be available for a queue. Main Queue Operations:- enQueue(int data) :- Inserts an element at the end of the queue. int deQueue():- Removes and returns the element at the front of the queue. Auxiliary Queue Operations:- int front():- Returns the first element at the queue, without removing it. int queueSize():- Returns the size of the queue. int isEmptyQueue():- Indicates whether no elements are present. We can implement a queue using an ADT (Abstract Data Type). To implement a…

A queue is a linear data structure that stores data (similar to Linked Lists and Stacks). In a queue, the order in which the data arrives is important. Definition: A queue is an ordered list in which insertions are done at one end (rear) and deletions are done at other end (front). The first element that you insert, is the first one that is removed. This makes it a First In First Out (FIFO) or Last In Last Out (LILO) list. Basic Operations: The basic operations on this data structure…