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Question: Find sum of digits in a given number. Input: 65536 Output: 25 Method 1 (Iterative): In this code sample by using modulus operator(%), we extract the individual digits of given number then we add them together Method 2 (recursive):

Question: Given a sorted Linked List. Write a program to remove all the duplicates. Input: 4 -> 8 -> 8 -> 8 -> 15 -> 16 -> 23 -> 23 -> 42. Output: 4 -> 8 -> 15 -> 16 -> 23 -> 42 In a sorted Linked List, all the node that are duplicate will be together. To remove duplicates we need to traverse the linked list and if two adjacent nodes have same value, remove one of them. If adjacent node have different value then move forward. Time…

Question: Write a program to check if 2 linked lists are identical? Method 1(Iterative):- To Determine if both Linked lists are identical, we need to traverse both lists simultaneously, and while traversing we need to compare data of each node. Implementation Method2( Recursive):- It may seem that both recursive and iterative implementation are the same but the iterative version is recommended since it offers better control and the recursive implementation maintains a stack of all the callbacks.

Question: Write a program to count the number of bits that are 1(set bits) in a given integer. Input: 8 (1000) 11 (1011) Output: For 8 – 1 set bit For 11 – 3 set bits This question can be done in a very long way where we first convert the integer to its binary form and store its result in a character array. Traversing that character array would give the number of set bits. But that will not be an efficient way. We will use bit manipulation to solve…

We have discussed some very basic data structures. Sometimes, we need to decide which data structure to use at which place. Although is there is no hard and fast rule of using a data structure in a specific scenario, the below guidelines can help for general cases. For our program to be very efficient we must be aware of the sample data, our code needs to handle and a data structure should be used accordingly. Ordered Array :- If amount of data is small and predictable and search speed is…

Question: Write a program in C to print the given matrix in spiral order. Input: 1    2    3    4 5    6    7    8 9   10   11  12 13  14  15  16 Output: 1 2 3 4 8 12 16 15 14 13 9 5 6  7 11 10 Printing a matrix in spiral order can be better understood by the following image. Thus, printing a matrix in spiral order is just a way to traverse the matrix. The matrix can be supposed to be…

The general way to print any statement would be like:- But in this example we are using at least one semicolon(;). Our target is to print something on the screen without using even a single semi colon(;) . This is sort of a fun problem rather than an actual concept. It may seem to be impossible at once but we can utilize the fact that the statements inside an if condition is always executed and its result is used to determine the block to be executed. We can do something…

The term Space Complexity is misused for Auxiliary Space at many places. Following are the correct definitions of Auxiliary Space and Space Complexity. Auxiliary Space is the extra space or temporary space used by an algorithm. Space Complexity of an algorithm is total space taken by the algorithm with respect to the input size. Space complexity includes both Auxiliary space and space used by input. We can also say that the way in which the amount of storage space required by an algorithm varies with the size of the problem…

Question: Write a program in C to reverse a string using recursion Input: Hello Everyone Output: enoyrevE olleH We discussed the method to reverse the string using recursion in this post. But a recursive method is generally not preferred as it takes a longer execution time. This is also a classic interview question and we need to do it in place. We also need to be careful for the null character.

A sorting algorithm is said to be stable if two objects with equal keys appear in the same order in sorted output as they appear in the input unsorted array. Some sorting algorithms are stable by nature like Insertion sort, Merge Sort, Bubble Sort, etc. And some sorting algorithms are not, like Heap Sort, Quick Sort, etc. However, any given sorting algorithm which is not stable can be modified to be stable. There can be sorting algorithm specific ways to make it stable, but in general, any comparison based sorting…