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In this problem, we are given a matrix consisting of 0s and 1s. The goal is to update matrix and compute the distance of each cell containing 1 to the nearest 0. The distance between two adjacent cells is considered to be 1. The key challenge in this problem is efficiently determining the minimum distance for each cell while avoiding unnecessary computations. Input:mat = [[0,0,0], [0,1,0], [1,1,1]]Output:[[0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [1, 2, 1]]Explanation:Each cell containing 1 is replaced by its shortest distance to the nearest 0. Brute Force …

The problem involves counting islands in a 2D grid of ‘1’s (land) and ‘0’s (water). An efficient way to do this is by using Depth-First Search (DFS) to mark visited land as ‘0’. Two approaches are discussed: a brute-force method tracking visited cells and an optimized method that modifies the grid to reduce space complexity.

In the given problem statement, we have a string s and a dictionary wordDict containing a list of words. We need to determine if s can be segmented into a space-separated sequence of dictionary words. The tricky part of this problem is ensuring that every segment of the string matches words from the dictionary. A brute-force approach could generate all possible segmentations, but that would be highly inefficient. Input: s = “studyalgorithms”wordDict = [“study”, “algorithms”]Output: trueExplanation: Since “studyalgorithms” can be split into “study” and “algorithms”, both of which are in …

In this problem, we are given a list of non-overlapping intervals sorted by their start times, along with a new interval. The goal is to insert the new interval into the list while ensuring the intervals remain non-overlapping and sorted. If necessary, overlapping intervals should be merged. The tricky part of this problem lies in handling overlapping intervals efficiently while maintaining the sorted order. We also need to consider edge cases, such as when the new interval does not overlap with any existing intervals or when it encompasses multiple intervals. …

Continuing with our System Design series we’ll be discussing message queue, an essential component in building scalable, decoupled systems. Message queues help systems handle communication between different parts asynchronously, ensuring smooth data flow even during heavy traffic. What is a Message Queue? A message queue is a system that allows different parts of a system to communicate with each other in an asynchronous manner. It acts as a buffer between a producer (the part that sends messages) and a consumer (the part that processes messages), allowing the producer to continue …

Let’s continue the journey in System Design. In this post, we’ll explore the concept of forward and reverse proxy, which play a crucial role in optimizing and securing web traffic. Proxies act as intermediaries, improving efficiency, security, and management of requests between clients and servers. What is a Proxy? A proxy is essentially an intermediary that sits between a client and a server, forwarding requests and responses between the two. It can be used for various purposes such as load balancing, security, caching, and more. Real-World Example: Imagine a bookstore …

Let us continue our System Design series! In this post, we’ll dive into the concept of indexing in databases. Indexing is a technique that allows for faster data retrieval by organizing and optimizing the way data is stored. What is Indexing? Indexing is like creating a shortcut for finding the right data quickly. Instead of scanning the entire database, the index helps you jump directly to the location of the data you need, improving the performance of your queries. Real-World Example: Let’s go back to our bookstore analogy. Imagine you …

Welcome again to System Design series! In this post, we will explore the concept of databases, which are fundamental to storing, organizing, and managing data in any application. Databases are the backbone of any data-driven system, providing the infrastructure needed to handle, retrieve, and manipulate data efficiently. What is a Database? A database allows users to easily access, manage, and update a structured collection of data. It serves as a digital ledger, storing information in an organized way, allowing quick retrieval and manipulation of data. Real-World Example: In our bookstore …

Welcome back to the System Design series! In this post, we will explore the concept of caching, a powerful technique used to enhance the speed and performance of applications. Caching plays a critical role in optimizing data retrieval and ensuring a smooth user experience. What is Caching? Caching is a technique where systems store frequently accessed data in a temporary storage area, known as a cache, to quickly serve future requests for the same data. This temporary storage is typically faster than accessing the original data source, making it ideal …

My next post in System Design series! In this post, we will explore the concept of Load Balancers. Load balancing is a crucial component in building scalable and reliable systems, ensuring that your application can handle varying loads efficiently and continue to provide a smooth user experience. What is a Load Balancer? A Load Balancer is a device or software that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers. The goal is to ensure that no single server becomes overwhelmed, thus improving the performance and reliability of the application. Real-World Example: …